The formula for circumferential stress in a thin-walled cylinder is:
\[
\sigma_c = \frac{P \cdot d}{2 \cdot t}
\]
where:
- \(P = 4.8 \, \text{MPa}\) (internal pressure),
- \(d = 200 \, \text{mm} = 0.2 \, \text{m}\) (inside diameter),
- \(t = 4 \, \text{mm} =
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