1. What are the microorganisms which are predominant in the occurrence of dental caries? 2. Discuss the factors that contribute to dental caries formation. 3. What is the role of saliva in the formation of dental caries? 4. Name the bacterial species which are predominant in superficial enamel decay. 5. What organisms make up the considerable bulk of microbial flora of the dental plaque? 6. How is plaque formed? Please answer completely and correctly.
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Lactobacillus and Actinomyces species are also associated with caries formation. Show more…
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Tooth enamel is actually a composite material containing both hydroxyapatite and a calcium phosphate, $\mathrm{Ca}_{8}\left(\mathrm{HPO}_{4}\right)_{2}\left(\mathrm{PO}_{4}\right)_{4} \cdot 6 \mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}\left(K_{\mathrm{sp}}=1.1 \times 10^{-47}\right)$ a. Is this calcium mineral more or less soluble than hydroxyapatite $\left(K_{\mathrm{sp}}=2.3 \times 10^{-59}\right) ?$ b. Calculate the solubility in moles per liter of hydroxyapatite, $\mathrm{Ca}_{5}\left(\mathrm{PO}_{4}\right)_{3}(\mathrm{OH}), K_{\mathrm{sp}}=2.3 \times 10^{-59} \mathrm{in}$ water at $25^{\circ} \mathrm{C}$ "c. Explain why the production of weak acids by bacteria on teeth and gums increases the solubility of hydroxyapatite.
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