Which of the following does not imply the existence of a cosmological constant/dark energy?
A. High-redshift Type Ia supernovae appear to be receding more slowly than predicted by Hubble's law.
B. Without a cosmological constant, the universe would be about the same age as the oldest globular clusters, giving them no time to form.
C. Without a cosmological constant, a static universe is impossible.
D. Inflation implies that Ω0 = Ωm + ΩΛ ≈ 1, yet Ωm is measured to be only ≈ 0.3.
E. COBE and now WMAP observations of the cosmic microwave background measure Ωm + ΩΛ ≈ 1, yet Ωm is measured to be only ≈ 0.3.