12. A researcher wants to determine the effect that smoking has on resting heart rate. She randomly selects seven individuals from three categories: (1) nonsmokers, (2) light smokers (fewer than 10 cigarettes per day), and (3) heavy smokers (10 or more cigarettes per day) and obtains the following heart rate data (beats per minute):
Nonsmokers 70 58 51 56 53 53 65
Light Smokers 67 75 65 78 62 70 73
Heavy smokers 79 80 77 77 86 68 83
Test the null hypothesis that the mean resting heart rate for each category is the same at the α = 0.05 level of significance. The requirements for one-way ANOVA are satisfied. Answer the questions 12 through 15
12. Write the Null hypothesis
H0: μ_1= μ_2= μ_3= μ_4
H1: At least one mean is different from others
H0: μ_1= μ_2= μ_3
H1: At least two means are different from others