19. Consider a dam of height $H$ and area $A$ such that the surface of the water (density $\rho$) is at the top of the dam. What is the net force exerted by the water on the dam?
(a) $\frac{1}{2}\rho g H A$
(b) $\frac{1}{5}\rho g A^2 / H$
(c) $\rho g \ln(H^2 / A)$
(d) $\frac{1}{3}\rho^3 g H / A$
(e) $\pi \rho g H A$