2-A micropipette is used to collect fluids from three different areas of the kidney. The data is shown in the table below. (Concentrations are g/100ml) Area of Kidney Protein Urea Glucose Salts glomerulus 8 0.04 0.05 0.72 Bowman's capsule 0 0.04 0.05 0.72 loop of Henle 0 0.04 0 0.99 collecting duct 0 2.00 0 1.55 a) Why is protein only found in the glomerulus? (1) b) What evidence is there for water reabsorption? (1) c) Do you think this individual has Diabetes Mellitus? Why or why not? (1) d) If an individual had kidney disease or kidney failure, what components from the table would you expect to see in the urine (1)? What other components of the blood (not mentioned in the table) might you expect to see in the urine? (1)
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Proteins are normally too large to pass through the filtration membrane of the glomerulus, so they are not normally found in the urine. However, if there is damage to the filtration membrane or an increase in the permeability of the glomerulus, proteins can leak Show more…
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A 52-year-old female with a 25-year history of type 1 diabetes mellitus submits a 24-hour urine collection for testing. A blood sample was also collected when she brought the urine specimen to the lab. The following information and results are obtained: Patient Information Height: 5'5" (165 cm) Weight: 160 lb (72.7 kg) Results Creatinine, serum: 2.3 mg/dL Urine volume, 24 hour: 1000 mL Creatinine, urine: 190 mg/dL Albumin, urine: 9.5 mg/dL Reference Values 0.8-1.3 mg/dL 600-1800 mL/day varies with hydration varies with hydration 1. Determine this patient's body surface area. 2. Calculate the creatinine clearance result using the data provided (do not use age and sex). 3. Calculate the albumin excretion in milligrams per day (mg/day). 4. Calculate the albumin excretion in micrograms per minute (ug/min). 5. Calculate the urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio in micrograms albumin per milligram of creatinine (ug albumin/mg creatinine).
Researchers interested in the physiology of the kidney made the measurements shown in table 27.1. On the basis of your understanding of how the kidney works, explain why some substances are found at the same concentration in the plasma and glomerular filtrate and why albumin, a plasma protein, is not. Also explain why concentrations of urea, uric acid, potassium, and chloride are higher in the urine than in the glomerular filtrate, but concentrations of glucose and sodium are lower in the urine than in the glomerular filtrate. Create a flowchart that traces a drop of water from the time it enters the mouth until it is voided in the urine of a mammal. You will have to list structures from the digestive, circulatory, and excretory systems. Table 27.1 Concentrations of Selected Substances (mg/100 ml fluid) Substance Plasma Glomerular Filtrate Urine Albumin 4,500 0 0 Glucose 100 100 0 Urea 26 26 1,820 Uric acid 4 4 53 Na 330 330 297 K 16 16 192 Cl 350 350 455
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