2.The actual rate of airflow moving in and out of the lungs is most directly measured with? Explain. A. Spirometer B. Pneumotachograph C. Capnograph D. Oximeter
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The volume of air involved in breathing movements can be estimated by using a which helps in clinical assessment of pulmonary functions (a) Osmometer (b) Potometer (c) Spirometer (d) Sphygmomanometer
PART I - A spirometer is used to measure air flow and volume, as well as the oxygen and carbon dioxide content, into and out of the mouthpiece. The subjects are instructed to hold their breath after breathing in and out. Occasionally, the subject is asked to perform an inspiration or expiration (apnea) during the experiment. Towards the end of the experiment, the subject is instructed to rapidly breathe in and out (like a panting dog). Please answer the following questions using the data: Flow Shallow Rapid Respiration Inspiration Apnea Expiration Apnea Volume 1.) Describe the relationship between %O2 and %CO2 in the graph. What does this have to do with gas exchange in the alveoli, and how can we use these two graphs to determine when inspiration and expiration is occurring?
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11. How much can the lungs be expanded to reach the total lung capacity? A)4800 B)6000 C)1200 D)5800 12.Which of the following best describes the process of gas exchange in the human body? a) Oxygen is transported to the body’s cells by red blood cells and carbon dioxide is transported back to the lungs to be exhaled. b) Carbon dioxide is absorbed by the body’s cells from the bloodstream, while oxygen is expelled from the cells into the bloodstream. c) Oxygen is absorbed directly into the bloodstream through the skin, and carbon dioxide is exhaled through the digestive system. d) Oxygen and carbon dioxide are both exchanged in the intestines, where oxygen is taken up and carbon dioxide is expelled. e) none of the above. 13.Which statement best explains how the lungs remain inflated within the thoracic cavity? a) The lungs are directly attached to the walls of the chest cage, preventing collapse. b) The continual suction of excess fluid into the lymphatics creates a slight negative pressure between the pleural layers, keeping the lungs adhered to the thoracic wall. c) The lungs are surrounded by a thick layer of pleural fluid that firmly glues them to the thoracic cavity. d) The lungs are suspended from the mediastinum by the hilum and are otherwise free-floating within the thoracic cavity without any attachment. e) none of the above. 14.Which neurotransmitter is most commonly associated with the parasympathetic nervous system? A. Dopamine B. Norepinephrine C. Serotonin D. Acetylcholine E. GABA
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