3. True or False?
Use your knowledge of the various deductive argument forms and fallacies to determine which of the following statements are true. Check all that apply.
The commutativity rule states that any statement p is logically equivalent to ~~p.
The operation of commutativity states that any statement with the form p v q is logically equivalent to q v p.
Denying the antecedent is a valid argument form.
If an argument is a substitution instance of both a valid argument form and an invalid argument form, then the argument is invalid.
It is possible for a substitution instance of a valid argument form to be invalid.
Modus ponens is a valid argument form.
Some valid arguments are substitution instances of both a valid argument form and an invalid argument form.
One way to refute a constructive or destructive dilemma is to "escape between the horns of the dilemma," which means to prove that one or both of the conditionals in the first premise is false.
Pure hypothetical syllogism is an invalid argument form.
All arguments that have a valid argument form are valid.
Destructive dilemma is a valid argument form.
Affirming the consequent is not a valid argument form.
Not all arguments that are substitution instances of an invalid argument form are invalid.
One way to "escape between the horns" of a constructive or destructive dilemma is to find a third alternative that excludes the two alternatives given in the disjunctive premise of the dilemma.
Constructive dilemma is an invalid argument form.