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4. A study conducted by researchers at UMaine investigated whether time perception, a simple indication of a person's ability to concentrate, is impaired during nicotine withdrawal. After a 24-hr smoking abstinence, a SRS of 49 smokers were asked to estimate how much time had passed during a 50-sec period. The researchers wanted to determine whether smoking abstinence had a negative impact on time perception, causing elapsed time to be overestimated. The standard deviation of time estimation was $\sigma = 9.5$ seconds. A hypothesis test is to be done at the $\alpha = 0.01$ level. (a) What are the appropriate null and alternative hypotheses? 1 (b) Assuming that the assumptions are satisfied to run the test, the researchers calculated a sample mean of $\bar{x} = 54$. Then what is the observed test statistic? (c) What is the $P$-value? (d) What is the appropriate conclusion using a 0.01 level of significance?

          4. A study conducted by researchers at UMaine investigated whether time perception, a simple indication of a person's ability to concentrate, is impaired during nicotine withdrawal. After a 24-hr smoking abstinence, a SRS of 49 smokers were asked to estimate how much time had passed during a 50-sec period. The researchers wanted to determine whether smoking abstinence had a negative impact on time perception, causing elapsed time to be overestimated. The standard deviation of time estimation was $\sigma = 9.5$ seconds. A hypothesis test is to be done at the $\alpha = 0.01$ level.
(a) What are the appropriate null and alternative hypotheses?
1
(b) Assuming that the assumptions are satisfied to run the test, the researchers calculated a sample mean of $\bar{x} = 54$. Then what is the observed test statistic?
(c) What is the $P$-value?
(d) What is the appropriate conclusion using a 0.01 level of significance?

4. A study conducted by researchers at UMaine investigated whether time perception, a simple indication of a person's ability to concentrate, is impaired during nicotine withdrawal. After a 24-hr smoking abstinence, a SRS of 49 smokers were asked to estimate how much time had passed during a 50-sec period. The researchers wanted to determine whether smoking abstinence had a negative impact on time perception, causing elapsed time to be overestimated. The standard deviation of time estimation was σ = 9.5 seconds. A hypothesis test is to be done at the α = 0.01 level.
(a) What are the appropriate null and alternative hypotheses?
1
(b) Assuming that the assumptions are satisfied to run the test, the researchers calculated a sample mean of x̅ = 54. Then what is the observed test statistic?
(c) What is the P-value?
(d) What is the appropriate conclusion using a 0.01 level of significance?

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