6. Describe how the proton \( \left(\mathrm{H}^{+}\right) \)gradient is used to make ATP.
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The proton gradient is created by the movement of protons (H+) across a membrane, typically the inner mitochondrial membrane in eukaryotic cells or the plasma membrane in prokaryotic cells. This movement of protons is facilitated by proteins called proton pumps, Show more…
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