8.14 Using the data for the link traverse listed below, compute:
(a) the angular misclosure and its estimated error.
(b) the misclosure of the traverse.
(c) the estimated misclosure error.
(d) the 95% error in the traverse misclosure.
Distance observations
From To Distance (m) σ (m)
W X 185.608 ±0.0032
X Y 106.821 ±0.0035
Y Z 250.981 ±0.0028
Angle observations
Back-sight Occupied Fore-sight Angle σ (")
W X Y 86°27'45" ±2.5
X Y Z 199°29'46" ±3.2
Control azimuths
From To Azimuth σ (")
W X 132°26'15" ±9"
Y Z 58°23'56" ±8"
Control stations
Station Easting (m) Northing (m)
W 10,000.000 5000.000
Z 10,417.798 5089.427