8.46 (EX) Calcium and blood pressure 1/2: Some medical researchers suspect that added calcium in the diet reduces blood pressure. You have available 40 men with high blood pressure who are willing to serve as subjects. Outline an appropriate design for the experiment, taking the placebo effect into account. Which of the following outlines is an appropriate design of the experiment? Measure BP of all subjects -> Random assignment -> Group 1 20 subjects -> Treatment 1 Calcium -> Observe change in BP -> Group 2 20 subjects -> Treatment 2 Placebo -> Observe change in BP -> Group 3 20 subjects -> Treatment 3 Control -> Observe change in BP Design 1 Group 1 Men with high BP -> Treatment 1 Calcium -> Observe change in BP Group 2 Men with low BP -> Treatment 2 Placebo -> Observe change in BP Design 2 Measure BP of all subjects -> Random assignment -> Group 1 20 subjects -> Treatment 1 Calcium -> Observe change in BP -> Group 2 20 subjects -> Treatment 2 Placebo -> Observe change in BP Design 3 Treatment 1 Calcium -> Random assignment -> Group 1 Men with high BP -> Observe change in BP -> Group 2 Men with low BP -> Observe change in BP Treatment 2 Placebo -> Random assignment -> Group 1 Men with high BP -> Observe change in BP -> Group 2 Men with low BP -> Observe change in BP Design 4
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In a randomized comparative experiment on the effect of dietary calcium on blood pressure, researchers divided 54 healthy white males at random into two groups. One group received calcium; the other, a placebo. At the beginning of the study, the researchers measured many variables on the subjects. The paper reporting the study gives x̄ = 114.2 and s = 9.5 for the seated systolic blood pressure of the 27 members of the placebo group. Give a 99% confidence interval for the mean blood pressure in the population from which the subjects were recruited. The confidence interval (±0.1) is from ______ to ______.
Ivan K.
'780 men suffering from high blood pressure were randomly assigned to one of two groups. Over a four-month period; the first group received an experimental drug and the second group received a placebo. larger decrease in diastolic blood pressure was observed for those who received the drug: The experiment was double-blind: Determine the nature and scope of the conclusion the study can reach: Since the technicians administering the treatment could have been biased, no conclusion can be reached: For men suffering from high blood pressure; the drug appears to lower diastolic blood pressure_ Since there is no random assignment; there is no way to know that the drug caused the decrease in diastolic blood pressure; there could have been confounding variables For adults suffering from high blood pressure, the drug appears to lower diastolic blood pressure_ Since the physicians evaluating the results could have been biased, no conclusion can be reached:'
Madhur L.
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