A bank currently has $$ 100,000$ in checkable deposits and $15,000 in actual reserves. If the reserve ratio is 20 percent, the bank has excess reserves of; if the reserve ratio is 14 percent, the bank has money-creating potential.
a. $$ 20,000 ; $ 14,000$
b. $$ 3,000 ; $ 2,100$
c. $-$ 5,000 ; $ 1,000$
d. $$ 5,000 ; $ 1,000$