a) Calculate the exponential gain constant for a low-pressure Helium-Neon laser operating at 632.8 nm and having the following characteristics: (N2 - N1) = 10^9/cm^3, Δvgain = 10^9 Hz, tspont = 10^-7 sec. You may assume that n = 1.0 and that the gain medium is homogeneously broadened.
a) If the laser is 12 cm long, how much will the intensity of a wave be amplified after a single pass down the length of the resonator?