Question

(a): Explain, using relevant structures, the full mechanism of the Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution (EAS) for the nitration reaction of benzene. (b): Explain, using relevant structures, the full mechanism of the Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution (EAS) for the halogenation reaction of benzene. (c): In substituted aromatic compounds, the substituent can have a profound effect on the electrophilic substitution reaction (EAS), as shown in the case of phenol. By drawing contributing structures to the carbocation intermediates, account for the ring activating/deactivating effect and the orienting effect of the existing substituent for the nitration of phenol.

          (a): Explain, using relevant structures, the full mechanism of the Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution (EAS) for the nitration reaction of benzene.
(b): Explain, using relevant structures, the full mechanism of the Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution (EAS) for the halogenation reaction of benzene.
(c): In substituted aromatic compounds, the substituent can have a profound effect on the electrophilic substitution reaction (EAS), as shown in the case of phenol. By drawing contributing structures to the carbocation intermediates, account for the ring activating/deactivating effect and the orienting effect of the existing substituent for the nitration of phenol.

Added by Michelle S.

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