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A middle-aged woman is admitted to the coronary care unit with a diagnosis of left ventricular failure, resulting from a mild cardiac infarction. Her history indicates that she was awakened in the middle of the night by severe chest pain. Her skin is pale and cold.

          A middle-aged woman is admitted to the coronary care unit with a diagnosis of left ventricular failure, resulting from a mild cardiac infarction. Her history indicates that she was awakened in the middle of the night by severe chest pain. Her skin is pale and cold.
        
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Step 1: Identify the presenting problem — a middle-aged woman with acute left ventricular (LV) failure precipitated by a recent myocardial infarction (MI); the history of being awakened at night by severe chest pain indicates the timing of the ischemic event, and  Show more…

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A middle-aged woman is admitted to the coronary care unit with a diagnosis of left ventricular failure, resulting from a mild cardiac infarction. Her history indicates that she was awakened in the middle of the night by severe chest pain. Her skin is pale and cold.
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