A psychologist in a community mental health center wants to know
how the center's group therapy for depression compares to their
individual therapy for depression. The psychologist provided
informed consent, and has the persons complete a depression measure
before starting therapy. After doing five sessions of therapy, the
persons complete the depression measure again. At total of 40
people do group therapy, and 20 people do individual therapy. The
psychologist computes dependent t-tests and Cohen's d, and gets a
significant effect for both groups (p< 0.05, two tailed), with
an effect size of 0.50 for the group therapy and 0.60 for the
individual therapy. What is the independent
variable in this study?