A study was conducted in which students were asked to estimate the number of calories in a cheeseburger. One group was asked to do this after thinking about a calorie-laden cheesecake. A second group was asked to do this after thinking about an organic fruit salad. The mean number of calories estimated was 757 for the group that thought about the cheesecake and 1017 for the group that thought about the organic fruit salad. Suppose that the study was based on a sample of 20 students in each group, and the standard deviation of the number of calories estimated was 124 for the people who thought about the cheesecake first and 145 for the people who thought about the organic fruit salad first. Complete parts (a) through (e) below.
b. In the context of this study, what is the meaning of a Type I error?
A. A Type I error is committed if one concludes that the mean estimate is significantly lower for the people who thought about the cheesecake when it is not significantly lower.
B. A Type I error is committed if the alternative hypothesis is rejected but the mean estimate is not significantly lower for the people who thought about the cheesecake.
C. A Type I error is committed if one concludes that the mean estimate is not significantly lower for the people who thought about the cheesecake when it is significantly lower.
D. A Type I error is committed if the null hypothesis is rejected but the mean estimate is significantly lower for the people who thought about the cheesecake.
c. In the context of this study, what is the meaning of a Type II error?
A. A Type II error is committed if the alternative hypothesis is rejected but the mean estimate is significantly lower for the people who thought about the cheesecake.
B. A Type II error is committed if one concludes that the mean estimate is not significantly lower for the people who thought about the cheesecake when it is significantly lower.
C. A Type II error is committed if one concludes that the mean estimate is significantly lower for the people who thought about the cheesecake when it is not significantly lower.
D. A Type II error is committed if the null hypothesis is rejected but the mean estimate is not significantly lower for the people who thought about the cheesecake.