A type of wire antenna which is formed from an electromagnetic radiator is known as a helical antenna. This antenna requires a ground plane in order to work.
Design an optimum 2.4 GHz helical antenna in axial mode with 18 turns. Then, find the half-power beamwidth (HPBW), first null beamwidth (FNBW), axial ratio, and the directivity of the antenna.
Based on the designed antenna, evaluate the effect of the pitch angle on the antenna polarization.