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Emile durkheim, who is a pioneering sociologist, defines social facts as the aspects of social life that shape individual actions and attitudes.
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These include norms, values, customs, traditions, and institutions that exist independently of any individual and exert a coercive force on individuals.
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So the social fact for durkheim, he defines social facts as external.
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They exist outside and independent of individuals, inhering in collective consciousness and social structures.
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They exert a constraint or pressure on individuals, regulating their behavior through social norms and values, so they're coercive and generalized.
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They're shared by members of a society or a social group and transcend individual preferences or actions.
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Examples of social facts include laws, religious beliefs, language, customs, moral values that shape how individuals perceive and interact with the world around them.
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In origins of these beliefs, durkheim investigates the origins and functions of religious beliefs...