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At ericksonian stages of development.
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Eric erickson was a psychologist, particularly mostly a theoretical developmental psychologist, and that he proposed that human beings go through eight stages.
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Many of you may be familiar with a term that popular culture picked up based on his stages called the identity crisis.
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And he believed, of course, that human beings go through these eight stages, and really the point is that you have to resolve a particular instance in those eight stages.
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Let's take a look at them.
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Here they are right now.
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So these are erickson's eight stages of development.
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And of course the first one from the time you're born until about a year, years, one year old, you have to learn to trust human beings.
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And so you vacillate between trust and mistrust.
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And so we're looking, the child's looking for a safe, predictable understanding of the world.
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And so unresponsive caregivers who don't meet that need, they start to engender feelings and anxiety, fear, and mistrust in the baby.
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However, if the infants are treated well, then they develop this sense that they can't trust and engage another human being.
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So that's what needs to be met there.
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Then you've got autonomy versus shame or doubt.
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That comes from one year to three years of age.
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And this is when the children begin to explore the world.
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They learn that they can't, they can control some of their actions, that they can act on their environment.
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They can, you know, get some kind of results from that action.
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They'll start to show preferences for certain things in the environment, such as food, toys, clothing, et cetera.
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But their main task, what they need to resolve is the issue of what we call autonomy versus shame and doubt.
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So what they do is they're trying to establish independence.
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This is where they feel like they have to do things, and when they can do things, they start to build this sense of autonomy.
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So if they want to choose their own clothes, if they want to pick the shoes they wear or decide what activity they're going to do that day.
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The more they're able to do that, the better they get a sense of autonomy independence.
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If denied that ability, that opportunity, they can't, don't feel like they can't act on the environment and they start to develop low self -esteem and feelings of shame.
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The next stage, from six years to 12 years, is industry versus inferiority.
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So we're talking about an elementary school stage and they have to learn to be industrious or they start to feel like they're incapable of doing certain things...
