Question

According to exit polls, the voting "gender gap" was 22 points in the 2016 House of Representatives election; that is, women voted for Democrats by 10 percentage points, and men voted for Republicans by 12 percentage points. Political scientists are curious to see if this gap holds - or increases - in 2020, but statisticians might be more interested in the processes behind exit polling and the reliability of their results. When conducting exit polls, pollsters will randomly select a certain number of precincts, then attempt to get all the voters leaving the polling place to participate in their poll. If they can't get all voters, they will instead attempt to get every nth voter to participate. Many polling companies believe that Democrats are more likely to agree to an exit poll than Republicans or Independents. Of course, not everyone votes in the morning/mid-afternoon of the election. To get an idea of the preferences of people who voted in the precinct before election day, typically by absentee ballots, companies will attempt a telephone survey of those voters. Exit polls often wrap up and leave the field before voting stations close, so people voting in the last couple of hours of the day may also be missed. 1. What type of sampling methods are used in selecting people for exit polls at the polling locations? Select all that apply. - Simple Random Sampling - Cluster Sampling - Convenience Sampling - Systematic Sampling - Stratified Sampling 2. What problems might arise from Democrats being more likely to participate in exit polls than the other groups? - Nonresponse Bias - Undercoverage Bias - Response Bias Since there are more Democrats who vote, there is no problem. 3. If people who vote in the last few hours of the day are different from those who vote at other times, what problems would this cause? - Undercoverage Bias - Nonrandom Sampling Bias - Response Bias - Nonresponse Bias

According to exit polls, the voting "gender gap" was 22 points in the 2016 House of Representatives election; that is, women voted for Democrats by 10 percentage points, and men voted for Republicans by 12 percentage points. Political scientists are curious to see if this gap holds - or increases - in 2020, but statisticians might be more interested in the processes behind exit polling and the reliability of their results.

When conducting exit polls, pollsters will randomly select a certain number of precincts, then attempt to get all the voters leaving the polling place to participate in their poll. If they can't get all voters, they will instead attempt to get every nth voter to participate. Many polling companies believe that Democrats are more likely to agree to an exit poll than Republicans or Independents.

Of course, not everyone votes in the morning/mid-afternoon of the election. To get an idea of the preferences of people who voted in the precinct before election day, typically by absentee ballots, companies will attempt a telephone survey of those voters. Exit polls often wrap up and leave the field before voting stations close, so people voting in the last couple of hours of the day may also be missed.

1. What type of sampling methods are used in selecting people for exit polls at the polling locations? Select all that apply.
- Simple Random Sampling
- Cluster Sampling
- Convenience Sampling
- Systematic Sampling
- Stratified Sampling

2. What problems might arise from Democrats being more likely to participate in exit polls than the other groups?
- Nonresponse Bias
- Undercoverage Bias
- Response Bias

Since there are more Democrats who vote, there is no problem.

3. If people who vote in the last few hours of the day are different from those who vote at other times, what problems would this cause?
- Undercoverage Bias
- Nonrandom Sampling Bias
- Response Bias
- Nonresponse Bias

Added by Rodney J.

Question

Please give Ace some feedback