According to Johnson et al, men who cohabited prior to marriage were more likely to marry for dedication reasons compared to those who had not cohabited. True or false
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Are young couples who marry or cohabitate more likely to gain weight than those who stay single? Researchers followed 8000 men and women for 7 years. At the start of the study, none of the participants were married or living with a romantic partner. The researchers found that women who married or cohabitated during the study gained 9 pounds more than single women, and married or cohabitating men gained, on average, 6 pounds more than single men. (a) Why is this an observational study? What type of observational study is this? (b) What is the response variable in the study? What is the explanatory variable? (c) Identify some potential lurking variables in this study. (d) Can we conclude that getting married or cohabiting causes one to gain weight? Explain.
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Observational Studies versus Designed Experiments
Data show that men who are married, and also divorced or widowed men, earn quite a bit more than men the same age who have never been married. This does not mean that a man can raise his income by getting married because men who have never been married are different from married men in many ways other than marital status. Suggest one possible lurking variable that might help explain the association between marital status and income. Select the most plausible suggestion from the choices. Married, widowed, or divorced men have high income jobs. A high income job tends to make an individual more dedicated. This dedication leads a man to get married. High income leads to greater commitment, which leads to marriage. Thus, we see that high income should actually be associated with men who have never been married. Married, widowed, or divorced men tend to be more committed as well as men with high income jobs. From this, we may safely conclude that getting married leads to a high income job. Men who are married, widowed, or divorced are usually more committed both in their personal and professional lives, enabling them to succeed in their careers.
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In our study of the evolution of social behavior, we learned that natural selection always favors the evolution of behaviors that benefit the species as a whole True False The theory of unequal parental investment predicts that across animal species, males will be less choosy than females in terms of who they mate with. True False
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