Mathematically, it is expressed as:
$$ \oint \vec{B} \cdot d\vec{l} = \mu_0 I_{enc} $$
where:
- $$ \vec{B} $$ is the magnetic field.
- $$ d\vec{l} $$ is an infinitesimal displacement vector along the closed loop.
- $$ \mu_0 $$ is the permeability of free space.
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