Complete the subscripts on the following equations. solute solvent solution P_solvent = X_ × P°_ P_solute = X_ × P°_ P_solvent = (1 - X_) × P°_ ?P = P°_solvent - P_solvent = X_ × P°_
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In the first equation, \( P_{\text {solvent }}=X \times P^{\circ} \), the subscript "solvent" refers to the solvent in the solution, "X" is the mole fraction of the solvent, and \( P^{\circ} \) is the vapor pressure of the pure solvent. Show more…
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Show that the vapor-pressure reduction, $\Delta P_{\text {solvent }}$, associated with the addition of a nonvolatile solute to a volatile solvent is given by the equation $\Delta P_{\text {solvent }}=$ $X_{\text {solute }} \times P_{\text {solvent }}^{\circ}$.
If $\mathrm{P}^{\circ}$ and $\mathrm{P}$ are the vapour pressure of solvent and solution and $\mathrm{n}_{1}$ and $\mathrm{n}_{2}$ are the moles of solute and solvent respectively: (a) $\mathrm{P}^{\circ}=\mathrm{P}\left(\frac{\mathrm{n}_{1}}{\mathrm{n}_{1}+\mathrm{n}_{2}}\right)$ (b) $\mathrm{P}^{\circ}=\mathrm{P}\left(\frac{\mathrm{n}_{2}}{\mathrm{n}_{1}+\mathrm{n}_{2}}\right)$ (c) $\mathrm{P}=\mathrm{P}^{\circ}\left(\frac{\mathrm{n}_{2}}{\mathrm{n}_{1}+\mathrm{n}_{2}}\right)$ (d) $\mathrm{P}^{\circ}=\mathrm{P} \times \mathrm{n}_{1}$
Denoting the solvent and solute in a dilute binary liquid solution at temperature $T$ and pressure $p$ by the subscripts 1 and 2 , respectively, show that if the fugacity of the solute is proportional to its mole fraction in the solution: $\bar{f}_{2}=\kappa y_{2}$, where $\kappa$ is a constant (Henry's rule), then the fugacity of the solvent is $\bar{f}_{1}=y_{1} f_{1}$, where $y_{1}$ is the solvent mole fraction and $f_{1}$ is the fugacity of pure 1 at $T, p$.
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