a.The energy that comes from radioactive materials on Earth, which keeps the Earth's core melted.
b.The energy trapped in the atoms originated in the light that comes from the Sun, which in this way is the source of energy for all living organisms and the one that mainly maintains the temperature of the Earth.
c. The theft of the electron from the atom that attracts it more strongly releases the potential energy of this attraction, converting it into kinetic energy (seen as thermal energy from our macroscopic scale).
d.Sodium and chlorine ions attract each other because they have different charges, and the potential energy that this attraction entails is converted into kinetic energy when the atoms come together until they collide. This is thermal energy, when we see it from our macroscopic scale.
e. The energy that comes from the potential energy that the sodium and chlorine atoms have and their electrons due to the gravitational attraction between them due to their masses.