Because of the greenhouse effect, Earth’s average surface temperature is 288 K instead of 255 K. Because of this higher temperature, Earth’s surface emits radiation at a rate that is higher by a factor of approximately which of the following?
$\begin{array}{ll}{\text { (a) } 1.13} & {\text { (b) } 1.28} & {\text { (b) } 1.63} \\ {\text { (d) } 1.87} & {\text { (e) } 2.21}\end{array}$