A study conducted in 2014 on the effects of Kinesiology tape on athletic performance concluded that the tape acts as a placebo and shows no real signs of improving the athletic ability of the participants or their performance. In the study, the participants were blindfolded with three forms of tape attached to two of the three groups. One group was a control group, one group had the Kinesio tape applied, while the final group had sham kin-tape applied. After measuring the "normalized peak torque, normalized total work, and time to peak torque at 60/s or 180/s (p = 0.31-0.99) between three taping conditions," the study concluded that there was no supporting evidence that the Kinesiology tape had any effect on the participants.