00:01
Okay, so let's first look at the patient's symptoms.
00:03
Severe lower abdominal pain that comes in waves and is not relieved by common pain relievers or changes in position.
00:09
This is a classic description of renal colic, which is often caused by kidney stones.
00:19
Okay, so second, the urine characteristics.
00:23
The urine characteristics are dark yellow and a cloudy appearance.
00:27
Dark yellow urine can indicate dehydration, which can contribute to the formation of, you guessed it, kidney stones.
00:39
And then cloudy urine can be a sign of a uti, but it can also be caused by the presence of substances not normally found in urine, such as proteins or crystals.
00:52
Proteins or crystals from kidney stones.
00:59
So now looking at the abnormal findings, the presence of leukocyte esterase...