Cognitive Changes in Adulthood: What phenomenon explains the peak arousal and task performance levels occur in the morning for older adults, while younger adults have higher levels of both in the evening.
Added by Kristina J.
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Step 1: Identify the key factors in the question: The question mentions two age groups (older adults and younger adults) and their respective peak arousal and task performance levels at different times of the day (morning for older adults and evening for younger Show more…
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How do fatigue and circadian rhythm combine to produce a time of day that is particularly vulnerable to human error ?
Madhur L.
It is well-known that lack of sleep impairs concentration and alertness, and this might be due partly to late night food consumption. A 2015 study $^{54}$ took 44 people aged 21 to 50 and gave them unlimited access to food and drink during the day, but allowed them only 4 hours of sleep per night for three consecutive nights. On the fourth night, all participants again had to stay up until 4 am, but this time participants were randomized into two groups; one group was only given access to water from $10 \mathrm{pm}$ until their bedtime at $4 \mathrm{am}$ while the other group still had unlimited access to food and drink for all hours. The group forced to fast from $10 \mathrm{pm}$ on performed significantly better on tests of reaction time and had fewer attention lapses than the group with access to late night food. (a) What are the explanatory and response variables? (b) Is this an observational study or a randomized experiment? (c) Can we conclude that eating late at night worsens some of the typical effects of sleep deprivation (reaction time and attention lapses)?
Collecting Data
Experiments and Observational Studies
List examples of physiological events that occur as a result of circadian rhythms in humans
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