We know that V = 5423, Vo = 5209, and t = 1990 - 1977 = 13 years. We can plug these values into the formula and solve for r:
5423 = 5209 * e^(13r)
e^(13r) = 5423 / 5209
13r = ln(5423 / 5209)
r = ln(5423 / 5209) / 13
r ≈ 0.003
So, the exponential growth rate is
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