The company wants to determine whether its consumer product ratings have changed from last year to this year. The table below shows the company's product ratings from eight consumers for last year and this year. At α = 0.05, is there enough evidence to conclude that the ratings have changed? Assume the samples are random and dependent, and the population is normally distributed. Complete parts (a) through (f).
Consumer Rating (last year) Rating (this year)
1 5 8
2 7 10
3 2 1
4 6 8
5 5 4
6 5 5
7 7 10
8 6 8
(a) Identify the claim and state H0 and Ha:
The claim is "The product ratings have changed from last year to this year."
Let μd be the hypothesized mean of the ratings last year minus the ratings this year. State H0 and Ha. Choose the correct answer below.
A. H0: μd ≥ 0 Ha: μd < 0
B. H0: μd = 0 Ha: μd ≠ 0
C. H0: μd ≥ d̄ Ha: μd < d̄
D. H0: μd ≤ 0 Ha: μd > 0
E. H0: μd ≠ 0 Ha: μd = 0
F. H0: μd ≤ d̄ Ha: μd > d̄