Consider the planet Mars and its moon Phobos.
Orbital period of Mars (around the Sun) = 687.0 days
Orbital period of Phobos (around Mars) = 0.3189102 days (that's less than 8 hours)
Distance between the Sun and Mars (avg.) = 1.53 AU
Distance between Phobos and Mars (avg.) = 9,400 km
Radius of the Sun = 696,000 km
Radius of Mars = 3,390 km
(mean) Radius of Phobos = 11.3 km
Phobos often transits the Sun when viewed from the surface of Mars, as shown in these photos taken by the Mars Curiosity Rover.
2. When viewed from Earth, the angular size of the Sun is about $0.53^\circ$ (or $32'$), and the angular size of Earth's moon is about the same. This is why we can have total Solar eclipses. To compare this orientation with Solar eclipses on Mars:
(a) What is the angular size of the Sun when viewed from Mars?
(b) What is the angular size of Phobos when viewed from Mars?