7. Correlation studies are often used to help determine whether certain characteristics are controlled more by genetic influences or by environmental influences. These studies often examine adopted children and compare their behaviors with the behaviors of their birth parents and their adoptive parents. One study examined how much time individuals spend watching TV per day (Plomin, Corley, DeFries, & Faulkner, 1990). The following data are similar to the results obtained in the study. Adopted Children Birth Parents Adoptive Parents 2 0 1 3 3 4 6 4 2 1 1 0 3 1 0 0 2 3 5 3 2 2 1 3 5 3 3 a) Compute the correlation coefficient between the children and the birth parents. b) Compute the correlation coefficient between the children and the adoptive parents. c) Based on the two correlations, does TV watching appear to be inherited from the birth parents or is it learned from the adoptive parents? d) Using the data from the higher correlation in (a) or (b): a. Draw a scatterplot of the data. b. Write the regression equation. c. Predict the number of hours of TV for children if parents watch 2 hours of TV. d. How much error, on average, would you expect from making such a prediction? e. How much of the variability in a child’s TV hours can be accounted for by the parent’s TV hours?
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- Adopted Children: [2, 3, 6, 1, 3, 0, 5, 2, 5] - Birth Parents: [0, 3, 4, 1, 1, 2, 3, 1, 3] - Adoptive Parents: [1, 4, 2, 1, 0, 3, 2, 1, 3] Show more…
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7. Correlation studies are often used to help determine whether certain characteristics are controlled more by genetic influences or by environmental influences. These studies often examine adopted children and compare their behaviors with the behaviors of their birth parents and their adoptive parents. One study examined how much time individuals spend watching TV per day (Plomin, Corley, DeFries, & Faulkner, 1990). The following data are similar to the results obtained in the study. Adopted Children Birth Parents Adoptive Parents 2 0 1 3 3 4 6 4 2 1 1 0 3 1 0 0 2 3 5 3 2 2 1 3 5 3 3 a) Compute the correlation coefficient between the children and the birth parents. b) Compute the correlation coefficient between the children and the adoptive parents. c) Based on the two correlations, does TV watching appear to be inherited from the birth parents or is it learned from the adoptive parents? d) Using the data from the higher correlation in (a) or (b): a. Draw a scatterplot of the data. b. Write the regression equation. c. Predict the number of hours of TV for children if parents watch 2 hours of TV. d. How much error, on average, would you expect from making such a prediction? e. How much of the variability in a child’s TV ho
Aishwarya K.
correlation measures the degree to which two variables are related to one another. Here are the definitions of the three possibilities: Positive correlations: In this type of correlation, both variables increase or decrease at the same time. A correlation coefficient close to +1.00 indicates a strong positive correlation. Negative correlations: This type of correlation indicates that as the amount of one variable increases, the other decreases (and vice versa). A correlation coefficient close to -1.00 indicates a strong negative correlation. No correlation: This indicates no relationship between the two variables. A correlation coefficient of 0 indicates no correlation. Values range from -1 to 1. The closer to -1 or 1 the stronger the correlation. The closer to 0 the weaker it is. Correlation is a term that refers to the strength of a relationship between two variables where a strong, or high, correlation means that two or more variables have a strong relationship with each other while a weak or low correlation means that the variables are hardly related. Correlation analysis is the process of studying the strength of that relationship with available statistical data. Example: A recent study of marriage and education found a strong negative correlation between the level of education and the divorce rate. Data from the National Survey of Family Growth show that as education level increases among women, the divorce rate for first marriages decreases. I did a study asking community members how safe they felt in their neighborhood (on a scale of 1 to 5, with 1 = not at all safe to 5=extremely safe). I also asked the same community members how often they used their community park (on a scale of 1=never to 5=always). I ran the statistics and my correlation is .789. Is this a negative or positive correlation? And what does it show (write it out like in the example above about the direction of each variable and what that means)
Madhur L.
A study is made to determine whether taking AP Statistics in high school helps students achieve higher GPAs when they go to college. In comparing records of 200 college students, half of whom took AP Statistics in high school, it is noted that the average college GPA is higher for those 100 students who took AP Statistics than for those who did not. Based on this study, guidance counselors begin recommending AP Statistics for college-bound students. Which of the following is incorrect? (A) While this study indicates a relation, it does not prove causation. (B) There could well be a confounding variable responsible for the seeming relationship. (C) Self-selection here makes drawing the counselors' conclusion difficult. (D) A more meaningful study would be to compare an SRS from each of the two groups of 100 students. (E) This is an observational study, not an experiment.
Collecting Data
Quiz 12
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