Determine whether there is a difference in blood and urine glucose levels before and 120 minutes after ingestion of a 75-gram glucose solution.
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Step 1
Step 1: Collect blood and urine glucose level data from subjects before ingestion of the 75-gram glucose solution (baseline measurements). Show more…
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Explain why a common diagnostic test for diabetes involves orally administering a glucose solution to an individual and then measuring the concentration of blood glucose two hours later.
In humans, a blood sugar level less than 140 mg/dL (7.8 mmol/L) is normal. A reading of more than 200 mg/dL (11.1 mmol/L) after two hours indicates diabetes. A reading between 140 and 199 mg/dL (7.8 mmol/L and 11.0 mmol/L) indicates prediabetes. Let's assume a person has an average reading of 250 mg/dL for a day. The person has the GFR and urine production from problem 3, and you find that the concentration of glucose in the urine is 0.2 mg/mL. What is the rate at which this person reabsorbs glucose?
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What is the difference between how a person with normal glucose levels performs on the OGTT compared to a person with prediabetes or diabetes? Patients with prediabetes are very sensitive to the effects of insulin, so plasma glucose levels remain elevated at two hours. The glucose levels in patients with prediabetes and diabetes continue to rise for an hour after the glucose is consumed and remain elevated at two hours. Patients with diabetes absorb more of the glucose drink from the OGTT into their blood, causing higher plasma glucose levels at two hours. Both normal and prediabetic patients start out the OGTT with normal fasting plasma glucose; a prediabetic patient's glucose remains elevated at two hours.
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