00:01
Translation is one of the two major parts of turning dna into usable proteins that we need for ourselves.
00:09
So this is the second half of this process where we translate the strand of m rna into the primary proteins.
00:23
So for the aspect of translation, we're going to use all forms of rna.
00:27
There's m rna, which is the template of genetic code.
00:31
There is our rna, which are these ribosomal units, and then there are going to be little t -r -n -a units.
00:44
Now, t -r -n -a units are going to be the thing that we focus on the most, and this is the thing that really is where you see all the action happening in terms of building up this protein.
00:56
So with this, we are going to be looking at the three different sites of the rna.
01:01
You can see here there's e, p, and a, and how the t -r -n -a acts with each one of these.
01:09
So we're going to start with the a site because this is where t -r -n -a will enter.
01:15
So here we see a new t -r -n -a comes onto the scene.
01:20
And a t -r -n -a, you will see down here on the bottom, there are these three little nucleotide bases.
01:30
So this is a codon or rather an anti -codon because it will be the opposite of one of our codons down here on the mrn.
01:46
So it's going to be sort of the inverse match of that codon on mrna.
01:52
And there is a little bit of a difference here.
01:55
We do have something called the wobble effect, which means that the last codon or sometimes even the last two, can be different between the anticoadone and the codon.
02:08
It might not be an exact opposite, but it will still code for the same amino acid because there's many less amino acids than there are possible nucleotide combinations in a codon.
02:23
But we're looking at an anticoadon that will be the inverse match of a codon on our mrna, and that will code for a certain amino acid.
02:35
Up here on the top of the t rna.
02:39
And so that's what the trna is bringing to the table.
02:42
It's bringing a specific amino acid that is coded for in this genetic code.
02:48
So as the new trna comes to the site, it will bind its anticoadone to the codon on the m rna.
03:00
And that is what sort of locks it into this a site.
03:02
So once it's there and we know that it matches, you're going to see that the amino acid it carries on the top will have a polypeptide bond between its amino acid and the one next to it, meaning the amino acid of whatever trna is at the a site will then have a polypeptide bond to the one that's being carried by the trna at the p site.
03:47
So this is the polypeptide bond that is going to be building the chain that makes the primary protein.
03:54
So this is how it gets created.
03:56
This is how it gets elongated.
03:58
So once it's done this, then you will see the mrna will shift.
04:08
It will shift this way.
04:11
And so now this t rna that we are following will be placed into the p site...