# Explanation: # ECB mode: High Hamming distance due to block-level encryption. # CFB, OFB, CTR modes: Lower Hamming distances as they operate as stream ciphers. # These modes XOR the plaintext with a keystream, resulting in bit-flipping # only where p1 and p2 differ. The Hamming distances for these modes should be # equal and correspond to the number of differing bits between p1 and p2