00:02
So for this case study, we're talking about peptic ulcers, which a peptic ulcer is a sore or hole that can form in the lining of the stomach, the lower part of the esophagus or the small intestines.
00:20
They're painful and they can have symptoms like abdominal pain, discomfort and change in appetite.
00:31
What are their causes? so that can be a bacteria called helicobacter pylori.
01:11
And it can also be non -steroidal inflammatory drugs like ibuprofen or aspirin.
01:20
Treatment could be like lifestyle, like avoiding nsaids, antibiotics if helicobacter pylori is involved.
01:35
And it could also be medications to reduce stomach acid.
01:43
So that could be like a proton pump inhibitor or an h2 receptor blocker.
01:52
But there's also natural protection against this that our bodies have.
02:01
So this could be like mucus, which is just a thick layer that lines our organs to keep from stomach acid damage.
02:16
Bicarbonate, which is a base which can neutralize stomach acid.
02:23
Prostaglandins, these help maintain blood flow to the stomach.
02:34
Tight junctions, which are junctions in our cells that keep acid from entering in.
02:44
And then regeneration.
02:45
The stomach, esophagus, intestines, the lining, these linings can regenerate themselves to basically repair any damage caused by acid.
02:58
So now let's talk about blood flow to the kidney.
03:05
So blood enters in through the renal artery.
03:13
It branches into smaller arteries, including interlobar arteries.
03:29
These travel through the renal medulla and then curve into the renal cortex.
03:32
Renal medulla, renal cortex...