(a) For 8% per year compounded monthly, we have:
r = 0.08
n = 12
t = 1
Plugging these values into the formula, we get:
PV = 20000 / (1 + 0.08/12)^(12*1)
PV = 20000 / (1.00666667)^12
PV = 20000 / 1.08301392
PV = 18469.33
So, the present value for 8% per
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