For a variety of reasons, Psychological Egoism rejects the notion of altruism. O True O False
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Step 1: Psychological Egoism is the view that all human actions are motivated by self-interest. Show more…
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Texts: QUESTION 1 If Psychological Egoism is true, then no one ever does anything that benefits others. True False QUESTION 2 According to Peter Singer ("Egoism, altruism and sociobiology"), sociobiology implies that we humans are always motivated by self-interest, not by genuine altruism. True False QUESTION 3 Which of the following best describes Rachels's view of Ethical Egoism? a) Ethical Egoism is false because it is inconsistent with common sense morality. b) Ethical Egoism is a correct moral theory. c) Ethical Egoism is unacceptably arbitrary. d) Ethical Egoism is logically inconsistent (i.e., self-contradictory). QUESTION 4 Singer uses the so-called Prisoner's Dilemma to explain how there can be an evolutionary advantage in what? a) making reciprocal exchanges on the basis of calculated self-interest b) being altruistically motivated c) being a sabretooth cat d) being consistently selfish QUESTION 5 On pp. 73-75 of the reading "Ethical Egoism," Rachels reconstructs and then critiques an argument for ethical egoism put forward by the social theorist Ayn Rand. Read his critique (bottom p. 74 onto p. 75) carefully, then consider the following question. Of the six informal fallacies introduced by Shafer-Landau's "Moral Reasoning" chapter, which one best describes the error in Rand's argument? (To be clear, Rachels does not name the fallacy in his discussion, but only one of the six captures the spirit of his critique.) a) appeal to ignorance (ignoratio elenchi) b) the straw man (or straw person) fallacy c) the ad hominem fallacy d) appeals to irrelevant emotions e) appeal to authority QUESTION 6 If Ethical Egoism is true, it's always wrong to help any person other than oneself. True False QUESTION 7 In the prisoner's dilemma, when is it to prisoner A's advantage to confess? a) Whether prisoner B confesses or not b) If and only if prisoner B confesses c) If and only if prisoner B does not confess QUESTION 8 Ethical Egoism may in some cases require me to sacrifice my immediate interests for something of greater value in the longer run. True False
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