For each row in the table below, decide whether the pair of...

For each row in the table below, decide whether the pair of elements will form a molecular compound held together by covalent chemical bonds. If the elements will form a molecular compound, check the box and enter the chemical formula and name of the compound. (If the elements will form more than one molecular compound, use the compound with the fewest total number of atoms.) You may assume all chemical bonds are single bonds, not double or triple bonds. element #1 element #2 element pair will form a molecular compound molecular compound chemical formula name hydrogen chlorine nitrogen hydrogen barium carbon

Transcript

00:01 Hi there.

00:02 In this question, we want to identify which of these combinations are going to form a molecular compound.

00:10 Well, molecular compounds are two or more.

00:14 In this case, it's just going to be two.

00:17 But if we're thinking about all molecular compounds, two or more non -metals.

00:26 And they're held together by a covalent bond, which is a sharing of electrons to form the bond.

00:39 Okay.

00:40 So we have an outline of a small periodic.

00:42 Table here because we want to remind ourselves where we find non -metals on the periodic table.

00:48 If we draw a line across between boron and aluminum and then go down and then over and down, making a zigzag or staircase line here, this separates the metals to the left from the non -metals to the right.

01:05 It's important to remember, though, that even though the non -metals are over here, hydrogen is also considered a non -metal because in some forms of the periodic table, you will actually find hydrogen right next to helium.

01:20 But hydrogen is a non -metal.

01:22 All right.

01:23 So we are ready to get started here.

01:25 We have hydrogen and we have chlorine.

01:29 Well, chlorine is a halogen.

01:32 It's right about here on the periodic table.

01:35 And we just said that hydrogen was a non -metal.

01:37 So we have two non -metals here.

01:39 So yes, it will form a molecular compound.

01:43 The chemical formula, so you get that, we need to think about the dot structure.

01:48 Remember, they're sharing electrons.

01:50 They're trying to satisfy the octet rule.

01:52 Hydrogen has one valence electron.

01:54 Chlorine's in group seven of the periodic table, so it has seven valence electrons.

02:00 Therefore, just having one hydrogen and one chlorine, they will both satisfy the octet rule with just a single bond.

02:08 Remember, hydrogen only needs two electrons to fill its first energy level.

02:12 So its octet is really only two.

02:15 So the formula is going to be hcl.

02:19 And by convention, this is called hydrogen chloride.

02:26 If we were following our naming rules strictly, we would call it hydrogen monochloride.

02:36 But we never really see it that way...

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