Question

For the statements a through d below, select from the following lettered options the most likely criterion for causality. Each option can be used once, more than once, or not at all. A. Birth control effect B. Confounding bias C. Ecologic fallacy D. Recall bias E. Selection bias a) National per capita use of pesticides is associated with lymphoma (NHL) mortality rates, but patients with NHL do not have higher pesticide levels than persons without NHL. ANSWER: b) In case control study of mouth wash use as a risk factor for oral cancer, the cases tend to over report the use of mouthwash. ANSWER: c) In a cohort study of antioxidant intake and protection against lung cancer, smoking is inversely correlated with antioxidant level and positive risk of lung cancer. ANSWER: d) In a cohort study of breast implants and the risk of connective tissue disease, 40% of the implanted patients are lost to follow-up. ANSWER:

          For the statements a through d below, select from the following lettered options the most likely criterion for causality. Each option can be used once, more than once, or not at all. 
A.	Birth control effect
B.	Confounding bias
C.	Ecologic fallacy
D.	Recall bias
E.	Selection bias

a)	National per capita use of pesticides is associated with lymphoma (NHL) mortality rates, but patients with NHL do not have higher pesticide levels than persons without NHL. 
ANSWER: ____

b)	In case control study of mouth wash use as a risk factor for oral cancer, the cases tend to over report the use of mouthwash.
ANSWER: ____

c)	In a cohort study of antioxidant intake and protection against lung cancer, smoking is inversely correlated with antioxidant level and positive risk of lung cancer.
ANSWER: ____

d)	In a cohort study of breast implants and the risk of connective tissue disease, 40% of the implanted patients are lost to follow-up.
ANSWER: ____

Added by Ruvejda D.

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