G. What conditions must be true for the electrons to move?
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Suppose that we are shining light at a hydrogen atom and that we manage to prepare the atom in specific orbitals, all oriented with their polar axis in the z direction. This light corresponds to an oscillating electric field also pointing in the z direction, and we will consider the interaction of the light with the atoms through the electric dipole approximation, that is, with a perturbing Hamiltonian of the form H_p = eEz, where E is an electric field with vector direction along z and oscillating at some (angular) frequency w. We imagine that we tune this field to the right frequency to try to make various transitions from an initial state to a final state in the hydrogen atom. We want to know whether or not a given transition is possible. The notation of each state is in the form |n, l, m> where these quantum numbers have their usual meanings. We will presume the real forms of the spherical harmonics here, with sine or cosine azimuthal functions. For each of the following proposed transitions from an initial state |p, q, r> to a final state |s, t, u>, we want to know whether it is possible or not on this. For the purposes of this question, we presume that the transition will be possible unless the matrix element (for example in the Fermi Golden Rule) is forbidden by symmetry in the z-direction. (Note: many of these transitions could be forbidden for other reasons, including orthogonality in the x or y directions, but for simplicity in this question we will not consider those other reasons, concentrating only on the z aspects.) This is a compound "true/false" question. For the proposed transitions below, exactly three are possible by this criterion and three are not possible. For each attempt you make to answer this question, select only the three possible transitions. Be sure the other three boxes are not checked. You may want to keep a note of your answer attempts. |2, 1, 1> to |3, 2, 1> |2, 0, 0> to |3, 0, 0> |3, 2, 0> to |5, 4, 1> |3, 1, 1> to |5, 4, 0> |1, 0, 0> to |3, 1, 1> |3, 2, 1> to |9, 8, 2>
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