The picture below shows a line of 4 firefighters holding a hose while trying to extinguish a fire. If the nozzle exit diameter is 12 cm and the water flow rate is 16 m/min, determine:
(a) the average water exit velocity
(b) the horizontal resistance force required of the firefighters to hold the nozzle.
(c) If a single firefighter can hold 70 kgf, what is the maximum volumetric flow rate that the firefighters can use?
Hint: Assume ĆĀ = 1 and notice the arrows showing the direction of the flow in and out of the control volume.