In a classic organic chemistry experiment, the rate of the substitution reaction of radioactive iodide (isotope = 128) on (+)-(R)-2-iodooctane was investigated, see scheme below. The chemists measured the initial rate of reaction for the incorporation of the iodine isotope and followed the progress of the reaction polarimetrically. It was found that the initial rate of racemization was twice the initial rate of iodine incorporation. By considering, in turn, the S<sub>N</sub>1 and S<sub>N</sub>2 mechanisms, explain these experimental observations.