In a tension test, a steel specimen (ASTM-A36) with a Young's modulus of elasticity E = 220 GPa and gauge length L0 = 44 mm has been tested. The information gained from the experiment is as follows:
Yield stress: σ = 340 MPa
Onset of necking: σ = 380 MPa
Fracture point: σ = 290 MPa
Final length: Lf = 49 mm
Original diameter d0 = 2 mm
Poisson's ratio ν = 0.3
a. Draw the engineering stress/strain curve.
b. Calculate the engineering strain at fracture.
c. Calculate the engineering strain at the yield point.
d. Estimate toughness.
e. What is the diameter of the specimen just before necking started?
f. What is the maximum real load carried by the specimen?