(Figure 21.5) Economies of scale occur in the following range of factory sizes AVERAGE COSTS ($) 0 Figure 21.5 Multiple Choice #1 to #2 #1 #2 #3 #5 #4 OUTPUT
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This means that as more of a variable input is added to a fixed input, the marginal product of the variable input will eventually decrease, leading to diminishing returns. Show more…
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If the current production level is items with cost C(x), then the cost of computing additional items C(r + h). The average cost of those h items (C(rth) - C(z)). As we analyze the cost of just the last item produced, this can be made into a mathematical model by taking the limit as h approaches 0, i.e. the derivative C'(z). Use this function in the model below for the Marginal Cost function MC(x). Problem Set question: The cost, in dollars, of producing units of a certain item is given by C(r) = 0.0323r^2 + 151r + 300. (a) Find the marginal cost function: MC(x) = C'(x) = 0.0646x + 151. (b) Find the marginal cost when 50 units of the item are produced. The marginal cost when 50 units are produced is $154.6. (c) Find the actual cost of increasing production from 50 units to 51 units. The actual cost of increasing production from 50 units to 51 units is $156.6.
Donna D.
The following two questions refer to the cost and revenue conditions of a monopolistically competitive firm shown in the graph below. MC = marginal cost, ATC = average total cost, AVC = average variable cost, and MR = marginal revenue. 32. The firm's profit-maximizing output in the short run is (A) zero, because P < AVC (B) Q1, because MR = MC (C) Q2, because P = MC (D) Q3, because MC = ATC (E) impossible to determine. 33. Which of the following will the firm do in the long run if market conditions do not change? (A) It will increase output to Q2 and lower price to P2 to minimize losses. (B) It will increase output to Q3 and raise price to P4 to earn zero economic profit. (C) It will produce Q1 and set price equal to marginal revenue. (D) It will exit the industry. (E) It will build a larger plant to achieve decreasing returns to scale. 34. Assume a perfectly competitive firm is currently producing 100 units of output. Its marginal cost is $6 and rising at that output quantity. Its average variable cost is $7 and its average fixed cost is $3. If the product's price is $6, which of the following will the firm do in the short run to maximize its profit? (A) Shut down (B) Produce, but less than 100 units of output (C) Produce more than 100 units of output (D) Continue to produce at exactly 100 units of output (E) Increase its price above $6
Andrew D.
The law of diminishing marginal returns states that: a. as additional units of labor are added to a fixed quantity of another resource, there is some output level beyond which total output will begin to diminish. b. as additional units of labor are added to a fixed quantity of another resource, there is some output level beyond which the additional output will begin to diminish. c. as additional units of labor are added to a growing quantity of another resource, there is some output level beyond which total output will begin to diminish. d. as additional units of labor are added to a growing quantity of another resource, there is some output beyond which marginal output will begin to diminish.
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