International Trade — End of Chapter Problem The majority of fresh fruit consumed in the United States is now imported, much of it coming from Mexico, Chile, Guatemala, and Costa Rica. The proportion of fruit that is imported increased from 23% in 1975 to 53.1% in 2016. Much of this increase can be attributed to a reduction in transportation costs associated with improved roads and storage technology that has occurred over time. a. In the accompanying graph, shift the price line to illustrate the impact of imports on the market for fruit in the United States. b. The price in the domestic market without trade is $5 per pound. The price of imported fruit at the world price is $4 per pound. As a result of trade, the United States imports 4 billion pounds of fruit. c. In the graph, place shape A to indicate the consumer surplus without trade. Place shape B to indicate the addition to consumer surplus that results from trade. d. As shown in the graph, U.S. consumers benefit from the importation of fruit.
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In the graph, the price line would shift downwards to illustrate the impact of imports on the market for fruit in the United States. This is because the increase in supply due to imports would lead to a decrease in price. b. If the price in the domestic market Show more…
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Years ago, an apple producer argued that the United States should enact a tariff, or a tax, on imports of bananas. His reasoning was that "the enormous imports of cheap bananas into the United States tend to curtail the domestic consumption of fresh fruits produced in the United States." a. Was the apple producer assuming that apples and bananas are substitutes or complements? Briefly explain. b. If a tariff on bananas acts as an increase in the cost of supplying bananas in the United States, use two demand and supply graphs to show the effects of the apple producer's proposal. One graph should show the effect on the banana market in the United States, and the other graph should show the effect on the apple market in the United States. Be sure to label the change in equilibrium price and quantity in each market and any shifts in the demand and supply curves.
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Before the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) gradually eliminated import tariffs on goods, the autarky price of tomatoes in Mexico was below the world price and in the United States was above the world price. Similarly, the autarky price of poultry in Mexico was above the world price and in the United States was below the world price. Draw diagrams with domestic supply and demand curves for each country and each of the two goods. As a result of NAFTA, the United States now imports tomatoes from Mexico and the United States now exports poultry to Mexico. How would you expect the following groups to be affected? a. Mexican and U.S. consumers of tomatoes. Illustrate the effect on consumer surplus in your diagram. b. Mexican and U.S. producers of tomatoes. Illustrate the effect on producer surplus in your diagram. c. Mexican and U.S. tomato workers. d. Mexican and U.S. consumers of poultry. Illustrate the effect on consumer surplus in your diagram. e. Mexican and U.S. producers of poultry. Illustrate the effect on producer surplus in your diagram. f. Mexican and U.S. poultry workers.
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