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INTRODUCTION Any object that is given an initial velocity and which subsequently follows a path determined by the gravitational force acting on it and all frictional resistance of the atmosphere is called a projectile. Thus the term applies to a bomb released from a flying airplane or a thrown ball or a batted baseball. The path followed by a projectile is called its trajectory. Using Newton’s second law of motion, it can be seen that a projectile’s motion is a combination of horizontal motion with constant velocity and a vertical motion with constant acceleration. The ball’s horizontal component of velocity does not change as the falling ball moves forward. The ball travels the same horizontal distance in equal times because there is no component of gravitational force acting horizontally. Gravity acts only downward so the only acceleration of the ball is downward. Because the horizontal and vertical motion is independent from each other, when two objects, one given a purely horizontal initial velocity at a given height and another dropped at the same height, are set to motion, both will hit the ground at the same time. This activity shall only consider trajectories, which have sufficiently short ranges such that (a) the gravitational force can be considered constant in magnitude and direction; and (b) all effects of air resistance can be ignored. At time t = 0, the projectile begins its free flight from the origin with initial velocity v0 and at an angle of departure ?0. At any later time t, vx = v0x = v0 cos ?0 vy = v0y – gt = v0 sin ?0 – gt x = v0 cos ?0 t y = v0 sin ?0 t – 1/2 gt2 v2 = vx2 + vy2 ? = tan-1(vy/vx) OBJECTIVE To resolve the projectile’s velocity into two components, one along the horizontal and one along the vertical; and to observe how the projectile behaves horizontally and vertically. APPARATUS Projectile motion kit, meter stick, bond paper, carbon paper, stop watch, 2 marbles, table clamp, adhesive tape PROCEDURE 1. Set the projectile motion kit on the edge of the table as shown in Figure 2.1. Practice how to use the kit. Call the marble which falls down vertically marble A and the marble following a trajectory marble B.

INTRODUCTION

Any object that is given an initial velocity and which subsequently follows a path determined by the gravitational force acting on it and all frictional resistance of the atmosphere is called a projectile. Thus the term applies to a bomb released from a flying airplane or a thrown ball or a batted baseball. The path followed by a projectile is called its trajectory.

Using Newton’s second law of motion, it can be seen that a projectile’s motion is a combination of horizontal motion with constant velocity and a vertical motion with constant acceleration. The ball’s horizontal component of velocity does not change as the falling ball moves forward. The ball travels the same horizontal distance in equal times because there is no component of gravitational force acting horizontally. Gravity acts only downward so the only acceleration of the ball is downward. Because the horizontal and vertical motion is independent from each other, when two objects, one given a purely horizontal initial velocity at a given height and another dropped at the same height, are set to motion, both will hit the ground at the same time.

This activity shall only consider trajectories, which have sufficiently short ranges such that (a) the gravitational force can be considered constant in magnitude and direction; and (b) all effects of air resistance can be ignored. At time t = 0, the projectile begins its free flight from the origin with initial velocity v0 and at an angle of departure ?0. At any later time t,
vx = v0x = v0 cos ?0 vy = v0y – gt = v0 sin ?0 – gt
x = v0 cos ?0 t y = v0 sin ?0 t – 1/2 gt2
v2 = vx2 + vy2 ? = tan-1(vy/vx)

OBJECTIVE
To resolve the projectile’s velocity into two components, one along the horizontal and one along the vertical; and to observe how the projectile behaves horizontally and vertically.

APPARATUS
Projectile motion kit, meter stick, bond paper, carbon paper, stop watch, 2 marbles, table clamp, adhesive tape

PROCEDURE
1. Set the projectile motion kit on the edge of the table as shown in Figure 2.1. Practice how to use the kit. Call the marble which falls down vertically marble A and the marble following a trajectory marble B.

INTRODUCTION

Any object that is given an initial velocity and which subsequently follows a path determined by the gravitational force acting on it and all frictional resistance of the atmosphere is called a projectile. Thus the term applies to a bomb released from a flying airplane or a thrown ball or a batted baseball. The path followed by a projectile is called its trajectory.

Using Newton’s second law of motion, it can be seen that a projectile’s motion is a combination of horizontal motion with constant velocity and a vertical motion with constant acceleration. The ball’s horizontal component of velocity does not change as the falling ball moves forward. The ball travels the same horizontal distance in equal times because there is no component of gravitational force acting horizontally. Gravity acts only downward so the only acceleration of the ball is downward. Because the horizontal and vertical motion is independent from each other, when two objects, one given a purely horizontal initial velocity at a given height and another dropped at the same height, are set to motion, both will hit the ground at the same time.

This activity shall only consider trajectories, which have sufficiently short ranges such that (a) the gravitational force can be considered constant in magnitude and direction; and (b) all effects of air resistance can be ignored. At time t = 0, the projectile begins its free flight from the origin with initial velocity v0 and at an angle of departure ?0. At any later time t,
vx = v0x = v0 cos ?0 vy = v0y – gt = v0 sin ?0 – gt
x = v0 cos ?0 t y = v0 sin ?0 t – 1/2 gt2
v2 = vx2 + vy2 ? = tan-1(vy/vx)

OBJECTIVE
To resolve the projectile’s velocity into two components, one along the horizontal and one along the vertical; and to observe how the projectile behaves horizontally and vertically.

APPARATUS
Projectile motion kit, meter stick, bond paper, carbon paper, stop watch, 2 marbles, table clamp, adhesive tape

PROCEDURE
1. Set the projectile motion kit on the edge of the table as shown in Figure 2.1. Practice how to use the kit. Call the marble which falls down vertically marble A and the marble following a trajectory marble B.

Added by Rebecca B.

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