Millikan's oil-drop experiment. By using an apparatus in which oil droplets were given an electrical charge by irradiation with X-rays, the oil drops' descent due to gravity could be countered by the application of charge to plates on the top and bottom of the apparatus. The upper plate was positively charged and the lower plate negatively charged. By monitoring the size of the drops, the rate of fall, and the charge on the plates, Millikan determined that all drops carried an integer multiple of 1.60 x 10^19 C, where C is the coulomb, the unit of electrical charge.
Oil spray
Ionizing radiation source of X-rays
Viewing microscope
Electrically charged plates